課程內(nèi)容

《名詞性從句考點總結(jié)-狀語從句》
名詞性從句的考點
（1）連接詞的選用
（2）語序
（3）時態(tài)
（4）和其他從句的區(qū)別
名詞性從句中的連接詞有：
連詞 that,whether/if  as if(though),beacuse
連接代詞  what/who/which/whose/whom/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever
連接副詞   where/when/why/how/whatever/whenever
一、連接詞的選用
選用連接詞時，先看名詞性從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整（結(jié)構(gòu)完整是指句子中不可缺少主語，賓語，有時是表語和定語）（1）如句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，應(yīng)從連接代詞里面選（因為，連接代詞在句中作主語，賓語，表語和定語）：（2）如句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)從連詞和連接副詞里面選。在這里面，只有that物詞義，其它全按詞義選
1.The villagers have already known (C) we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A this   B that   C what   D which
2.When the news came(C) the war broke out,he decides to serve in the army.
A since    B which    C that    D because
3.Before problem can be solved,it must be obvious (A) the problem itself is.
A what   B that   C which   D why
二、名詞性從句的語序：陳述語序
(1)that和whether /if 引導的從句用陳述語序
She wonder (if/whether the buses would still be running .
She sensed (that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.)
(2)連接副詞引導的名詞性從句也要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句（倒裝）語序。
Could you tell me where he lives?
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
三、名詞性從句的時態(tài)
名詞性從句的時態(tài)主要考查賓語從句中時態(tài)
1.如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)。
他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的。
He belives (his dream will come true sme day.)
請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。
Please tell me (what you were doing at this time yeaterday.)
2.如果主句謂語是過去時，從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài)，但從句表達的是真理、自然規(guī)律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
他告訴我他正在為考試做準備。
He told me (he was preparing for the examination.)
他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。
He told me(he had been away from his hometown for ten years.)
老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。
The teacher told us (light travels in a straight line.)
3.在“命令，要求，建議”等相關(guān)詞后的名詞性句中常用虛擬語氣 suggest(建議） ，propose,order,insist(堅決要求）,command,require,request,recommend(建議）advise...,包括賓語從句的時態(tài)，其相應(yīng)名詞的同位語從句，表語從句的時態(tài)也應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即should+do/be,should 可省去不要。
He suggested that we (should) go there at once.
He suggestion is that we (should) go there at once.
He suggestion that we (should) go there at once is right.
狀語從句：包括時間、地點、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、原因、比較、方式狀語從句
一、時間狀語從句
考點1 when,while 和as 的區(qū)別
1.when意為“在...時刻或時期”，它可指“時間點或時間段”，它引導的狀語從句的謂語既可用延續(xù)性動詞或系動詞be表示狀態(tài)，又可用非延續(xù)性動詞。when引導的從句的動作既可與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，又可先于或后于主句的動作
When you arrive in London,please give us a call.當?shù)竭_倫敦時給我們打電話。
When they came home,I was cooking dinner.他們回到家時，我正在做晚飯。
2.while只指“時間段”，它引導的從句的謂語必須用延續(xù)性動詞或系動詞be 表示狀態(tài)。
While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell.就在吃早餐的時候，他聽到了門鈴聲。
We must strike while the iron is hot.我們必須趁熱打鐵。
While I was reading ,he was playing.我在讀書時，他在玩
3.as意為“一邊...一邊...”或“隨著...”，著重表示主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。
He looked behind as he walked.
他一邊走一邊回頭望。
As the days went on,the weather got worse.
隨著時間的推移天氣越來越糟糕。
考點2 as soon as,(1)directly,instantly,immediately;(2)the moment/minute/instant/second;(3)no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when/before...
這些從屬連詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一...就...”，如果no sooner,hardly,scarely 放在句首，句子要倒裝。
I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。
I want to see him the moment he arrives.希望他到我就見到他。
We had hardly sat down to supper when the telephone rang.
She had no sooner said it than she burst into tears.她剛一說完，淚水便奪眶而后出。
考點3 the first/second...last time （在第一次/第二/最后時)；every/each/any time(每一次、任何一次...時）；the next time(下一次....時)，這些名詞短語充當連詞，引導時間狀語從句
Every time I hear that song,I feel happy.我每次聽到那首歌都感到愉快、
Next time you come here,let us have lunch together.下一次你來這里，咱們一起吃午飯吧。

The first I saw him,I like him.我第一次看到她，我就喜歡上他了。
考點4 before 引導的時間狀語從句
before 意為“在...之前”，還可表示下列意思：“還未...就...，不到...就...，..才...，趁...；還沒來得及...就....
We had said four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看見了陸地。
We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你現(xiàn)在還沒忘，把它記來
Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我還來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
考點5 since
since 從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞，since從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時，相應(yīng)地，主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
I have written home four times since I came here.自從我來到這兒，我往家寫了四封信。
在“It is/has been+一般時間+since從句”句型中，時間的計算一律才since 從句的動作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起。
It is three years since the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)已有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar).我不吸煙有三年了。
考點6 until/till和not...until 引導的時間狀語從句
1.肯定句：主句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性謂語動詞，意為“某動作一直持續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。
You may stay here until the rain stops.你在這兒可以呆到雨停。
2.否定句：主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“某動作知道某時才開始”、
He won't go to bed till she returns.
直到她回來他才睡。
3.not...until句型中的強調(diào)和到倒裝用法。
I didn't have any idea of it until you told me.
It was until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.知道你告訴我，我才對它有點兒印象。
考點7 by the time
by the time 意為“到...時候為止”。by the time 引導的時間狀語從句一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時；從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。
He will have learned English for eight years by the time be graduates from the university next year.到他明年大學畢業(yè)時，他就學了八年英語了。
二、where 引導的地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞where,wherever指具體地點時，從句可位于主句之前或之后，表示抽象條件的含義時，從句須放在主句之前。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成習慣，把東西放在你能再找到的地方。
Where there is a wall,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。