課程內(nèi)容
《狀語從句-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)》
二、where 引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句
引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where,wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時(shí),從句可位于主句之前或之后,表示抽象條件的含義時(shí),從句須放在主句之前。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣,把東西放在你能再找到的地方。
Where there is a wall,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。
三、原因狀語從句
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有:because,as,since,now that,considering that,when(既然),in that,for.because 語氣最強(qiáng),用來說明人所不知的原因,火大why 提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就要用 as,since或now that.當(dāng)回答以 why 引導(dǎo)的疑問句時(shí)必須用because ,for 一般不能位于句首。
The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country.
這個(gè)意大利男孩兒為國(guó)家獻(xiàn)出了生命而被當(dāng)做民族英雄。
Now that/Since you have goe a chance,you might as well make full use of it.既然你已得到了機(jī)會(huì),最好是要充分利用。
四 條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有:if,unless,as/so long as,in case(萬一),on condition that,once (一旦...就...)等。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.(=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain)除非下雨,我們明天就去那里。
Once you hear the song,you'll never forget it.一旦你聽過這首歌,你就不會(huì)忘記。
As/So long as you work hard,you will succeed.只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。
五 目的狀語從句
1.so that,in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,意思是“以便...;為了...”,狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,may/might,will/would.in order that 比so that 正式,引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后,而 so that 引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主語之后。
The worked harder that usual in order that they could finished the work ahead of time.他們比平常更加倍努力地工作就是為了能提前完成。
2.for fear that,in case,lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句,意思是“以免...,以防...”。狀語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)
Put on more clothes lest/for fear that you should catch cold.多穿點(diǎn)衣服以防感冒。
六 結(jié)果狀語從句
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有so that,so...that..,such...that...,在非正式文體中,so...that...,such...that...中that 可以省略。
We left in such a hurry that we forget to lock the door.我們走得匆忙,都忘了鎖門了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.這村子太小,所以地圖上沒有。
七 讓步狀語從句
1.although/though (雖然,盡管),even if/though( 雖然;盡管;即使)while.though 與although 兩者意思相同,一般可互換,都可以與yet,still和nevertheless 連用,但都不能和but 連用。
Even though he is poor,she loves him.雖然他很窮,她還是愛他。
2.as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),要把表語、狀語(副詞)、動(dòng)詞放到句首;動(dòng)詞開頭時(shí),主語常與may,might,will,would連用(though 也有次用法)。如果表語時(shí)可數(shù)名詞,要去掉不定冠詞。但是如果這個(gè)可數(shù)名詞有修飾語,則要保留不定冠詞。
Child as (though)he is,he knowns a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,他去懂得很多
Try as (though)he might,he failed again.盡管他試了,他還是失敗了。
Much as I like the car,I can't buy it.(盡管我喜歡這輛車,我不能買)
3.由no matter what/how或whatever/however 等結(jié)構(gòu)的讓步狀語從句
However/No matter how busy he is,he will find time to help us.不管他怎么忙,他也會(huì)愁時(shí)間幫我們。
4.由whether...or...(不管...還是...)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。
Whether we go or stay,the result is the same.不管我們是去還是留,結(jié)果都是一樣。
八、比較狀語從句
1.不同級(jí)比較
This project was completed earlier than we had expected.這項(xiàng)工程完成得比我們預(yù)計(jì)的要早。
Tom didn't jump as/sa far as Jim (did).湯姆跳得不如吉姆遠(yuǎn)。
This book is less important than that one(is).這本書不如那本書重要。
2.同級(jí)比較
Tom jumped as far as Jim( did).湯姆跳的和吉姆一樣遠(yuǎn)。
3.“as+形容詞+a/an+名詞+as...”結(jié)構(gòu)
Harry is as good a worker as Peter(is).哈利這個(gè)工人和彼得一樣好。
九 方式狀語
1.as,like 意義為“正如;按照”,其引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。
Do you have to feed plants as you feed chickens?你是否必須給植物喂東西吃,就像你給小雞喂食那樣?
2.as if/though 的意義為“似乎;好像”,其引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后,as if/though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句一般用虛擬語氣,但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn),也可用陳述語氣。
She closed her eyes as if she were tired.她閉上眼睛,好像累了。
He speaks English as if/as though he had been in America before.說起英語來,他好像在美國(guó)呆過似的。
狀語從句中的省略情況
1.如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且從句的額謂語動(dòng)詞為be 或含有助動(dòng)詞be,通??砂褷钫Z從句的主語和動(dòng)詞be 省略,從而使語言更加簡(jiǎn)潔,明了。
The experiment shows that proper amount of xercise if carried out regularky can improve our health.實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)如果是定期地實(shí)行,能改善我們的健康。(if the proper amount of exercise is carried out regualarly.)
Although against my opinion,the old professor didn't come up with his own.即使反對(duì)我的想法,老教授還是沒想出他自己的。(Although the old professor was against my opinion)
2.如果狀語從句的主語時(shí)it,且從句的謂語部分為系動(dòng)詞be+形容詞表語,通??砂褷钫Z從句中的it is省略,從而使語言更加簡(jiǎn)潔、明了
-Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
-Yes.If(it is) possible,I'm going to visit some homes for the old the city.
3.如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致,從句的謂語部分沒有be動(dòng)詞而為一般動(dòng)詞,通常可把狀語從句的主語省略,而把一般動(dòng)詞變?yōu)関-ing形式或to do.
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if to see whether he was going in the right direction.
A stranger looked this way and that as if looking for something.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本語法特點(diǎn)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是表示說話的語氣或情態(tài)的動(dòng)詞
常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can(could),may(might),must,need,dare,shall,will(would),should,outh to,have to(had to),used to,had better,would rather 等。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有以下3個(gè)特點(diǎn):
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞原形并與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成為謂語。
2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞雖有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,但卻沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不會(huì)因?yàn)橹髡Z的人稱或單復(fù)數(shù)的不同而用不同的形式.
3)變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r(shí)不需要助動(dòng)詞,而是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?,直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,構(gòu)成否定句.
一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
(一)can和could
翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could的用法
1.Take care while fishing!You know not all the children can swim.
釣魚時(shí)小心些!你知道不是所有孩子都會(huì)游泳。
2.I think the work can be completed ahead of time.
我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工作能提前完成。
3.You can't take the book out of the room.
你不可以將這本書拿出室外。
4.It can be quite windy there,especially in Spring.
那里有時(shí)容易刮風(fēng),特別在春季。
5.It can't be our headmaster.He has gone abroad.
那個(gè)人不可能是我們的校長(zhǎng),他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。
6.I heard you could speak several languages.
我聽說你會(huì)講幾種語言。
7.Could I use your bike this afternoon when you don't use it?
今天下午你不用自行車時(shí)我可以用一下嗎?
8.It could be very cold in winter in some southern cities of China.
中國(guó)南方的一些城市冬天里可能會(huì)冷的。
結(jié)論:
can 的主要用法有:
1.表能力,翻譯為“能夠、會(huì)”。
2.表可能性,翻譯為“可能、會(huì)”。
3.表許可,翻譯為“可以”,用于否定句,表示不允許,翻譯為“不可以、不能”。
4.表示偶然、一時(shí)的發(fā)生的可能性,翻譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”。
5.用于否定句,表推測(cè),翻譯為“不可能”。
could 的主要用法有:
1.can 的過去式 could 表過去的能力
2.could 表委婉,禮貌語氣,不是真正的過去時(shí)態(tài)
3.could 表示有可能,但可能性不如“ can"大。
(二)shall和should
翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall/should 的用法
1.I shall go on a holiday with my parents next autumn.
我明年秋季將同父母去度假。
2.(1)You shall do as you see me do.
(2)He shall be punished if he disobeys.
(1)你照我的樣子辦。
(2)他若不服從就要受到處罰。
3.(1)You shall have my answer tomorrow.
(2)She shall get her share.
(1)你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。
(2)她可以得到她的一份。
4.(1)Shall I get you some coffee,Miss Fleure?
(2)What shall he do next?
(1)費(fèi)勒小姐,我給您來電咖啡好嗎?
(2)他下一步干什么呢?
5.Should I open the window?
我可以開窗戶嗎?
6.You shouldn't be sitting in the sun.
你不應(yīng)該坐在陽光下。
7.If he should drop in,give him my meaasge.
他若來訪,就將我的消息給他。
8.I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me.
你竟把我想得這樣壞,我感到遺憾。
9.He said I should call him Doctor Smith instead of Mr.Smith.
他說我應(yīng)該叫他史密斯博士而不是史密斯先生。
10.It's already twelve o'clock,they should arrive home.
已經(jīng)十二點(diǎn)了,他們?cè)摰郊伊税伞?br>
結(jié)論:
shall 的主要用法有:
1.用于第一人稱代替will,表將來或意愿
2.用于第二、三人稱,shall 表義務(wù)
3.用于第二、三人稱,表許諾
4.用于第一、三人稱疑問句,表征詢意見。
should 主要用法有:
1.用于第一人稱疑問句,表征詢意見
2.表義務(wù),可用于各種句式,通常指將來
3.表推測(cè),暗含很大的可能
4.在從句中,表虛擬語氣
5.should 也可表惋惜、憂慮、歡樂、驚訝等感情色彩
6.在間接引語中,表達(dá)shall的過去式
(三)will和would
翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will/would 的用法
1.We will fight on until final victory is won.
我們要一直戰(zhàn)斗到勝利為止。
2.Will you help me with my work?
在我工作方面幫助我好嗎?
3.Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早上他都會(huì)沿著河流散步。
will的主要用法有:
1.表示意志、意愿。
2.在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示請(qǐng)求或詢問對(duì)方的意思
3.表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性、傾向性,有”慣于、總是“等義
4.在if,when,until等連詞引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間或條件的從句中要用一般時(shí)表將來,但在if從句中有時(shí)為了表示意愿也可用will,有”愿意“的意思。
would的主要用法有:
1.will 的過去式,表示對(duì)過去時(shí)間的意志、意愿決心
2.表示請(qǐng)求或個(gè)人的想法、看法,使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)
3.表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,著重動(dòng)作的重復(fù),有”總是、總會(huì)“等意思
4.表示虛擬
四 may和might
翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might的用法
1.(1)You may go home now.
(2)-May I borrow your towel?
-Yes,you may.No,you can't(mustn't).
(1) 你現(xiàn)在可以回家,
(2)-我可以借你的毛巾嗎
-是的,你可以。、不行,你不可以。、不,你絕不能借用我的毛巾。
2.She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.
或許她明天會(huì)來參加你的生日宴會(huì)。
3.He studies hard in order that he may pass the exam.
為了考試及格他學(xué)習(xí)很用功。
4.May you succeed.祝你成功
5.(1)You may well say so.你很有理由這么說。
(2)We may as well start at once.我們不妨立刻動(dòng)身吧。
6.He sold his house in order that he might pay his debt.
為了要還債他把房子賣掉了。
7.-Might I go now?
-Yes,you may./No,you can't(mustn't).
-我現(xiàn)在可以走嗎?
-是的,你可以走。/不,你不能/決不可走。
may的主要用法如下:
1.may在肯定句中表達(dá)許可,在疑問句中用于征求意見
2.may在肯定句中表達(dá)可能性,即“或許;也許”;may not表達(dá)“也許不...”
3.may在目的狀語從句中表達(dá)目的。
4.may 在May sb.do sth.句式中表達(dá)祝愿
5.may well do sth.意為“有理由做某事”,may/might as well 意為 “不妨做某事”。
might的主要用法如下:
1.may 的過去式,表示過去時(shí)間下的目的
2.may 的過去式,但并非是實(shí)際過去時(shí)態(tài),在疑問句中表達(dá)更加委婉的請(qǐng)求語氣。
3.may 的過去式,但并非是實(shí)際過去時(shí)態(tài),表示可能性相對(duì)may要小。