課程內(nèi)容

《形容詞 副詞》
形容詞，副詞的基本用法
一、形容詞、副詞的主要功能
1.形容詞是用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。在句中主要做定語、表語和補語，但有時也作狀語，表示伴隨、原因、結(jié)果等。如：
He can speak fluent English.(作定語）
We find the boy considerate.(作賓補）
No one is born wise.(作主補）
He walked in the snow,cold and hungry.（作伴隨狀語）
Afraid of difficulties ,they took the easy road.(作原因狀語）
2.副詞可作狀語，表語，補語，定語和插入語。如：
翻譯下列句子，指出畫線副詞在句中的成分。
1）It is more likely for those who work hard to achieve their goals.
勤奮的人實現(xiàn)目標的肯呢噶行更大。hard在句中作狀語。
2）People here tend to think hot food unhealthy.
這兒的人傾向于認為辣的食物不健康。here在句中作定語。
3.Hold on,please!The manager isn't up yet.
請稍候，經(jīng)理還沒起床。up在句中作表語。
4.Please keep your handbag outside.
提包請勿入內(nèi)，outside 在句中作賓補.
5.Generally,when heated,metals expand.
通常來說，金屬受熱膨脹。generally作插入語。
3.副詞作狀語還可以是用作修飾性狀語，評注性狀語及連接性狀語。其中后兩種狀語時現(xiàn)在考查的重點，如：
He spoke English fairly fluently.(修飾性狀語）
Fortunately,none of them was hurt.(評注性狀語）
His first response was to say no.Later,however,he changed his mind.（連接性狀語）
副詞常見類別有：
1.時間副詞：常見的油now,then,soon,ago,recently,lately,later,before,early,today,tomorrow,yesterday,tonight,suddenly,immediately,still,already,just等
2.地點副詞：常見的有here,there,up,down,away,nearby,home,ahead,abroad,indoors,overseas,upstairs,downstairs等
3.方式副詞：表示行為方式的副詞大多以-ly結(jié)尾，如quietly,heavily,warmly,carefully,happily,politely,angrily等
4.頻度副詞：常見的有always,usually,often,frequently,constantly,occasionally,sometimes,seldom,hardly,rarely,never等
5.程度副詞：常見的有fairly,pretty,rather,quite,very,much,too,greatly,almost,nearly,half,highly,deeply,partly,profectly,really等
6.連接副詞：這類副詞在語義上起連接作用，但用法上為副詞，常見連接副詞有therefore,beside,otherwise,however,moreover,furthermore,still,thus,meanwhile等
7.關(guān)系副詞：就是引導定語從句的when,where,why等
8.疑問副詞：就是關(guān)系引導特殊疑問句的when,where，why,how等
二、形容詞、副詞的位置
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常放在名詞前做置定語或放在系動詞后做表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞、其他副詞或句子，一般為與形容詞前，動詞后或句子之首或句尾。一下幾種為特殊情況，須牢記：
（1）形容詞短語作定語，需后置。
a language fiffcult to master
(2)表語形容詞（afraid,alike,alone,asleep等）作定語，定語后置。如：a man alive
(3）用作定語，修飾由不定式代詞one,no,any,some 和every構(gòu)成的復合詞如something,常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(4)幾個并列的形容詞作定語，語序為：限定描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老；顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。
詮釋：限定詞（冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞）+數(shù)詞（序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞）+描繪性形容詞（nice,good,interesting,beautiful...)+特征形容詞（大小、長短、高低+形狀+年齡、新舊）+顏色+國籍、出處+物質(zhì)材料+用途、類別+中心名詞。
The little wooden house looks as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
這個木制小房子看上去好像多年沒人住過了。
all these last few days最近的這些日子
a light blue silk skirt   一條淺藍色的絲裙
形容詞、副詞的級別
1.表示倍數(shù)的三個句型
(1)...time as +形容詞原級+as...
This table is 3 times as big as that one.
(2)...times the+性質(zhì)名詞+of...
This table is 3 times the size of that one.
(3)...times+形容詞比較級+than...
This table is 2 times bigger than that one.
2.不同程度級的比較，用as...as,the same as,such...as 引導；
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利不如我的書多。
3.the+比較級...，the+比較級...
The more you talked,the less attention he paid to you .
你說得越多，他越不注意你。
4.比較級+and+比較級，表示“越來越...”
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.新城變得越來越美麗。
5.the+比較級+of the two+名詞：
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
這兩個男孩中較高的是我弟弟。
6.用介詞by 表示相差的程度。
She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。
7.一個人的兩種品質(zhì)的比較，用more...than 結(jié)構(gòu)：
I think she's more shy than unfriendly.
與其說她不友好，不如說她害羞。
8.否定+比較級=最高級
There is no greater love than of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。
特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和固定搭配
1.too...to句型的兩個意義
（1）表示否定意義，意為“太...而不能"。如：
This question is too hard for me to understand.這個問題太難，我理解不了。
The flower is too beautiful to last.花太美，難經(jīng)久。
(2)表示肯定意義，意為“非常，很，極”。當too后面接easy,ready,eager,willing,thankful,delighted等形容詞，too表示”很，非?！爸猓cvery表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all,but,only等詞時，形成only too/all too...to do結(jié)構(gòu)，仍舊表達“非常，很，極”之意。如：
I'm too glad to hear the news.聽到這個消息我非常高興。
He's only too pleased to pick her up.他非常高興去接她。
2.A is to B what C is to D.
“A對于B就如C 對于D?！比纾?br> Engines are to machines what hearts are to manimals.發(fā)動機對于機器就如心臟對于動物。
Air is to us water is to fish.
3.than的習慣用語
（1）more than意為“超過，多于；十分，非常；不僅僅”。
如：She is more than kind to us all.她對我們非常熱心。
I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival.對他的突然到來我非常吃驚。
（2）more...than意為“與其...不如”。如：
He was more frightened than hurt.
與其說他受到傷害不如說他受到了驚嚇。
（3）rather than意為“而非，不，寧愿...也不”（would/had rether...than)如：
Rather than take a bus to  school,I'd prefer to walk.
我寧愿步行上學也不愿乘車。
4.有些不加ly表示具體概念，加ly表示抽象概念或用于比喻意義。
high 空間高度 The plane was flying high.
highly 高度地，非常地 I think highly of your opinion.注意短語：aim high 心懷大志，志向高遠
deep 空間深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
deeply 深深地 Even father was deeply moved by the film.
注意搭配：deep/far into the night 到深夜
wide 空間寬度 He opened the door wide.
widely 廣泛地，普遍地 English is widely used in the world.
注意短語：be wide awake 完全清醒
close 接近地，緊緊地  He is witting close to  me.
closely 仔細地，嚴密地  Wathch him closely.
5.有些副詞有兩種形式，詞義差別較大
 late 晚，遲  You have come too late.
lately  最近 What have you been doing lately(=recently)?
free 免費You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
freely 自由地 You may speak freely;say what you like.
most 很，非常，最He is most kind to me.
mostly 主要地，大部分She is mostly at home on Sundays.
hard 努力地Think harder.
hardly 幾乎不，簡直不 I can hardly understand you .
考點過關(guān)
1.（2011年高考陜西卷）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be(B) the present one.
A as three times big as       B three times as big as    C as big as three times      D as big three times as
2.(2011年濟寧模擬）John,who is seventeen this year,usually eats (B) his father does.No wonder he is growing taller.
A twice more than as much as
B more than twice as much as
C twice as much as more than
D twice as more than much as
解析：選B?？疾煊⒄Z中的倍數(shù)表達法。表示倍數(shù)時，可用“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as+比較對象”。在倍數(shù)之前還可用more than,over,less than等修飾語。因此答案為B。
3.（2011年福州模擬）When you study the local map,you'll find this town is(A).
A twice the size of that one
B twice as a large town as that
C twice as larger as that one
D twice as arger a town as that
解析：先A。句意：當你研究當?shù)氐牡貓D時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城鎮(zhèn)是那個的兩倍大。倍數(shù)的表達方式：A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞+（如size/length)+of B;B項中不定冠詞未知錯誤；C、D項中as后應用形容詞原級。
4.（2011年高考江西卷）-The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
-Why?It's (A) than the films I have ever seen.
A far more interesting    B much less interesting       C no more interesting    D any less interesting
解析：選A
句意：-我不得不說這部電影真的沒有意思。
-為什么？它比我之前看過的所有電影都有意思.
5.（2011年高考大綱全國卷）Mr.Stevenson is great to work for -I really couldn't ask for a (A) boss.
A better    B good   C best    D still better
解析：選A 。本題考查形容詞的比較級。句意：為史蒂文森先生工作告絕非常好-我真的再也找不到比他更好的老板了。從句中信息couldn't可以得知，此處是對not...better...的考查。英語中”否定詞+形容詞比較級“相當于形容詞的最高級
6.（2011年江西七校高三聯(lián)考）（B），the driver looked at the vast desert without knowing if he could get across safely.
A Tiredly and sadly    B Tired and sad  
C Tired and sadly   D Tiredly and sad
解析：選B?？疾樾稳菰~作伴隨狀語。句意：又累又傷心，這個司機看著廣闊的沙漠，不知道自己能否安全穿越。此處主語為the driver,此處用形容詞作伴隨狀語來描述主語的狀態(tài)。
7.Nowadays,there is a (A) increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to developed their talents.
A sharp    B slight   C natural   D modest
解析：選A。本題考查形容詞解析。句意：如今，兒童的創(chuàng)造力急劇增強，因為他們被大大貴去發(fā)展他們的才能。sharp急劇的；slight 微小的；natural 自然的，modest 適度的，根據(jù)句意可知，正確答案為A 項。
8.（C），I managed to ger through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A Hopefully    B Normally     C Thankfully    D Conveniently 
解析：選C。本題考查副詞辨析。句意：謝天謝地，我終于打完比賽了，所有的新款最終都是值得的。Hopefully滿懷希望地；normally正常地；thankfully感激地；conveniently方便地。根據(jù)句意判斷，答案為C 項。