課程內(nèi)容

《語(yǔ)法專題-特殊句式》
特殊句式主要涉及：強(qiáng)調(diào)句，倒裝句，省略句
真題透析
Was it on a lonely island( B) he was saved one month after the boat went down?(2011四川卷15）
A  Where   B that    C which    D what
(解析）選B.該句為含強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)了地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)on a lonely island,不能選where.它不是定語(yǔ)從句。該句可以還原為一個(gè)陳述句：He was saved one month after the boat went down on a lonely island.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
考點(diǎn)1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+其它部分
如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型指現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的情況用It is,指過(guò)去用It was,被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分一般是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，用that,who均可；指事物或情況時(shí)只能用that(被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不用when,where).被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意主謂一致。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被人稱代詞時(shí)，原句用什么格，強(qiáng)調(diào)句也用什么格。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句考查的重點(diǎn)是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的句式變化
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句形式為：
Is(Was) it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who...?
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式為;
特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is(was)it that/who...?
E.g
Was it during the Second World War that he died?
Where was it that you found your lost pen?
Who was it that broke the window?
考點(diǎn)2.not...until 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句
It was not until(A) that I knew the truth.(2011.四川成都高三第三次月考卷）
A you told me        B did you tell me      C had you told me    D you have told me
(解析）選A。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了not until you told me.在強(qiáng)調(diào)not until 句型時(shí)要將not 與until放在一起，并且語(yǔ)序不變。
其基本形式為
It is(was)not until....that....
It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.直到昨天我們才知道這件事。
考點(diǎn)1.部分倒裝
My father and my mother have been married for 30 years,and never once( A) with each other.(福建省2011高三二模卷）
A have they quarreled      B they have quarreled       C did they quarrel     D had they quarreled
（解析）選A.表否定意義的副詞放于句首時(shí)候引起部分倒裝。即：否定意義副詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞。
部分倒裝即be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等放在主語(yǔ)前面
構(gòu)成部分倒裝的主要情形有：
1.含否定意義的詞（如never,hardly,seldom.little,few,not,no lpnger,nowhere,in no way,inno case,by no means,at no time,neither,nor等）置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。
Eg：Never shall I forget the days when we were together.
Little did I expect to get such a warm welcome.
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
Not a word did I say at the meeting.
2.only修飾的狀語(yǔ)（介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞和從句）放在句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能使用倒樁結(jié)構(gòu)。
E.g Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
3.so(用于肯定句），neither/nor（用于否定句）表示“也”，出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
E.g  He won't go and neither shall I.
注意：Tom likes English.----So he does.
4.neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，兩個(gè)句子都倒裝.
E.g Neither will he study nor will he go to work.
5.1） no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...表示“一...就...”時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（倒裝）《從句用過(guò)去時(shí)。
E.g  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
2)not until出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
6.虛擬條件句省略if時(shí)，Were ,should,had 提前。
E.g Were I you,I would take the position in that company.
Had he been given some information,he could have answered the question.
(C) I had time,I would have gone over to see her.
A Did   B Were   C Had   D If
特別提醒：如果從句中的位于動(dòng)詞時(shí)過(guò)去式，則if不能省略，主謂部分也不倒裝。
7.在so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
E.g  So easy was the task that they finished it within half an hour.
Such a kind person was he that everyone liked him.
8.not  only...but also...連接兩個(gè)分句且not only 位于句首時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句倒裝，第二個(gè)分句不倒裝。其連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。
E.g  Not only was the city polluted but the street were crowded.
9.表示祝愿的句子。
E.g Long live Chairman Mao!
May you succeed!
考點(diǎn)2.完全倒裝
Out (A),still discussing the fashion show with great interest.(江蘇高三第4次模擬卷）
A walked a crowd of young girls
B did a crowd of young girls walk
C were walking a crowd of young girls
D a crowd of young girls were walking
(解析）選A。方位副詞out 放于句首，后用全部倒裝。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部在主語(yǔ)之前。
完全倒裝即將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部移到主語(yǔ)前。構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有：
1.表示方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等，置于句首且句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)名詞時(shí)，句子常用完全倒裝。若主語(yǔ)為代詞，則不用倒裝。
South of the river lies a small factory.
Out rushed the children.
Away flew the plane.
There comes the bus.
注意：1.不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)
2.主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)不倒裝
2.there be 句型時(shí)完全倒裝
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.
There are many desks and chairs in the room.
there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，而且可以和各種助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。
There will be a new film shown on Sunday.
There must have been a mistake somewhere.
There be 中的be 有時(shí)可用seem to be,happen to be,remain,enter,live stand,lie等詞組來(lái)替代。
There seems to be someting wrong with me.
There entered a woman with a baby in her arms.
3.表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。
Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
Gone are the days when my heart was young.
Sitting round her were her children.
Buried in the sands was an ancient city.
1.At the sight of the policeman,(C)from behind the door.
A did the boy rush out
B the boy was rushing out
C out rushed the boy
D rushing out was the boy
2.On the wall (B) three large pictures.
A hangs   B hang    C hanged   D are hanging
考點(diǎn)3 另類倒樁
-That boy enjoys drawing very much.
-(D),I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about drawing as he is.
A. As long as I have traveled
B.Traveled so much as I have
C As I have traveled so much
D Much as I have traveled
(解析）選D。as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可將副詞提前至句首。
as位于句首引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只須把從句中名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞或副詞提到as前，（作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞提到主語(yǔ)前時(shí)不帶冠詞）。
例如：
Child as he was,he could work out the problem.
Bad-tempered as he is,he loves me deeply.
Much as he likes English,he is not good at it.
Try as we might,we could not bring him around to accept our view.
省略句
例1：It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.( ),we'd better take it to the garage immediately.(2011.江蘇卷33)
A Otherwise    B If not     C  But for that    D If so
(解析)選D。if so=if it is so.it代指It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.這件事.
例2：-Will he fail in the exam?
-(B).
A. Don't hope to         B Let's hope not     C Not hope so     D Let's hope not to
(解析)選B?？疾橛胹o,not 省略前面提到的事，表肯定與否定。so可代替單詞、詞組、句子，作believe,do,expect,guess,hope,fear,imahine,suppose,think等詞的賓語(yǔ)；not代替否定的句子，用法與so相似。根據(jù)句意“（讓）我們希望他考試不要失敗”和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，為了不重復(fù)別人的話，表示否定意義時(shí)，hope只用（I) hope not 形式。
1.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略包括祈使句，感嘆句以及不定式中省略。不定式的省略有如下幾種：(1)用于expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后。
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to.我讓他去看電影，但他不想去。
（2）have,need,ought,be going,used等后。
I didn't want to go there,but I had to.
我不想去那里，但又不得不去。
（3）在形容詞glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后。
-Will you join in the game?
-I'd be glad to.
(4)否定形式的省略用 not to.
-Shall I go instead of him?我替他去好嗎？
-I prefer not to.我看還是別吧。
（5）如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been.
-He hasn't finished yet.他還沒(méi)結(jié)束呢。
-Well,he ought to have.喲，他該結(jié)束了。
2.復(fù)合句中的省略
①在對(duì)話中答句省去整個(gè)主句，只用從句。
-Shall I go to play?我可以去玩嗎？
-If you like(you can go to play).如果你喜歡去。
②在I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句，后面跟"so"與"not"分別表示肯定或否定，賓語(yǔ)從句可省去。
-Do you think it will rain?你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？
-I hope not(that it will not rain).(I don't hope so.×）希望不會(huì)下雨。
③引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞that可省略。
He said (that)he wouldn't come to the party.
他說(shuō)他不會(huì)來(lái)參加派對(duì)。
定語(yǔ)從句中的省略
①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。
I have been to the city twice(that/which) you just visited.
你剛參觀完的那座城市，我去過(guò)兩次。
②當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。
I appreciate the way (that)you teach us.
我喜歡你教我們的方式。
狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象
①當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be,這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
a.連詞（as,as if,once)+名詞
Once (he was) a teacher,he now works in a government office.
他曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過(guò)老師，現(xiàn)在他在政府上班。
b.連詞（though,whether,when)+形容詞
Work hard when (you are)young,or you'll regret.
年輕時(shí)工作勤奮些，否則你會(huì)后悔的。
c.連詞（wheher,as if,while)+介詞短語(yǔ)
He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.他四處打量，好像在找什么東西。
d.連詞（when,while,though)+現(xiàn)在分詞
While (I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.
我沿著大街走時(shí)，聽(tīng)到有人喊我的名字。
e.連詞（when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+過(guò)去分詞
The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.這個(gè)展覽比預(yù)料的還有趣。
f.連詞（as if,as though)+不定式
He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.
他張了張口，好像要說(shuō)話。
提示：當(dāng)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞（if,unless,when,whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)
Unless (it is)necessary,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
如無(wú)必要，你最好不要查字典。
另外，我們還可以用so或not 代替上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可有if+so/not 省略句式：
Get up early tomorrow.If not (you don't get up early),you will miss the first bus.
明天要早起，否則會(huì)趕不上早班車。