課程內(nèi)容

《語法專題-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)》
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)：表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often always,from time to 等時(shí)間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes sround the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The earth goes sround the sun.地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。
（典例）According to the literary review,Shakespeare(makes )his characters live through their language in his place.
考點(diǎn)二：表示格言或警句。
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?br> 注意：詞用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：Columbus prowed that the earth is round.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。
考例三：現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如：
I don't want to so much.我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
考點(diǎn)四：
When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,as long as,by the time,if,incase(that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來。
He is going to visit her aun the day he arrives in Beijing.
I will call you if he comes here.
主將從現(xiàn)
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,at present,at this time 等時(shí)間狀語連用。
Sorry,I can't go out to play.I'm doing my homework now.
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在運(yùn)行但并非眼下。常與these days,this week等時(shí)間狀語連用。
Some foreign student are visiting our schools this week.
3.還表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，---進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。
這樣的用法的動(dòng)詞：arrive,come,get,go,leave,have,fly,visit等。
His grandpa is coming to see him tomorrow.
4.與副詞always,forever,constantly等連用，表達(dá)滿意，稱贊，驚訝或厭惡等感情色彩。
David is aonstantly leaving his things about.
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語：
考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的是時(shí)間狀語：
lately:recently:just:already:yet:up to now:till now:so far,these days 等
Has it stopped raining yet?
考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)、年、月以來...”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few year;during the last three months;for the last few centuries,through centuries,throughtout history等
考點(diǎn)四：表示”第幾次做某事“或在”It is the best(worst,moet interesting)+名詞+that'后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he was written.
4.一般過去時(shí)表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。
常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday;last week;in1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a fewdays ago;when 等
考點(diǎn)一：used to+do,表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。to 為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。
He used to smoke a lot.
考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6.過去完成時(shí)
表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用（before 等時(shí)間詞）
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely...when,no sooner...than句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主語倒樁）
考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted.
考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope,eapect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 用過去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，打算和意圖。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intened to see you but I was too busy.
7.一般將來時(shí)
表在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow,next year,in 2008等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考點(diǎn)一：一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代將來時(shí)。
考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive,come,go,leave,start 等，用心在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考點(diǎn)三：”祈使句+and/or+句子“，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and 后面的句子位于用一般將來時(shí)。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考點(diǎn)四："am{is,are) going to+動(dòng)詞原形"，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。
“am{is,are) about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
“am{is,are) to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
8.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
I'll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
At that time tomorrow (B)over the Atlantic.
A we're going to fly      B we'll be flying    C we'll fly    D we're to fly
9.將來完成時(shí)，表將來之間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。
如：by the end of this year,by 8 o'clock this evening by March next year 及by the time...,before或when 等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。
By the end of next month,he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station,the rain will have left.
點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去?！癶ave/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
所用的時(shí)間狀語：this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)
He has changed his idea.
(2)在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
We have been studying here for two years.
(3)有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如keep,learb,live,stay,study,work等），用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別不大。
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years.
高考連接
1.-What is the price of petrol thses days?
-On,it(B)sharply since lat month.
A is raised    B has risen     C has arisen    D is increased
2.-I hear Jane has gone to the Holy island her holiday.
-Oh,how nice!Do you know when she(D)?
A was leaving    B had left   C has left  D left
3.All the preparations for the task(D),and we're ready to start.
A completed    B complete   C had been completed   D have been completed
4.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I (D )half of it.
A was missing   B had missed   C will miss   D missed
5.The discussion (D) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A was coming   B had come   C has come   D came