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    高中英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)《語法專題-冠詞和數(shù)詞》

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    《語法專題-冠詞和數(shù)詞》
    冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
    冠詞雖然只有三個(gè),卻因其在英語語言中使用極頻繁、用法極靈
    活,命題者常拿其大作文章。冠詞是歷年來的考查重點(diǎn),著重考查以下幾個(gè)方面:
    1.不定冠詞的用法比較;
    2.定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法;
    3.零冠詞的用法;
    4.在習(xí)慣用語中冠詞的用法;
    一、不定冠詞的用法
    1.泛指某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any.
    A square has four sides.
    2.泛指某人或某事物。
    A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
    3. 表示一個(gè),相當(dāng)于one.
    I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.
    4. 表示“每一”。
    Take this medicine three times a day.
    5.表示“同一”,相當(dāng)于the same.
    The two boys are of an age.
    6.用在某些抽象名詞前,表示“一種、一類、一份、一場(chǎng)、一
    陣...”等。
    They were caught in a heavy rain.
    7.用于專有名詞之前表示某一個(gè)。
    A Mr.Li is asking to see you at the schllo gate.
    8.用于某些固定詞組中。
    s few,a lot of,a bit,have a rest,take a bus,have a good
    time,live a happy life
    注意:不定冠詞的幾種特殊用法。
    ①專有名詞前用不定冠詞,表示“像....的一個(gè)人或物”。如:a
    Liu Xiang.
    ②姓名前用不定冠詞,表示“某個(gè)叫...的人”,多指不認(rèn)識(shí)的人
    。如:a Miss Smith.
    ③用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前,表示“一種、一份、一陣”等。如:a
    tea and a coffee.
    ④用于某些抽象名詞前,使抽象概念具體化。這種用法的名詞有a
    surprise/knowledge/success/failure/pleasure/interest/joy等等。
    二、定冠詞的用法(下面幾句順口溜可以幫助記憶,特指雙熟悉
    ,上文已提及;世上獨(dú)無二,序數(shù)最高級(jí);普轉(zhuǎn)專有名,習(xí)語及樂器。)
    1.特指雙方都明白的人或物。
    Take the medicine.  把藥吃了。
    2.上文提到過的人或事。
    He bought a house.I've been to the house.
    他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
    3.指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物:
    the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth
    4.與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar美元;與形容
    詞或分次連用,表示一類人;the rich 富人;the living 生者。
    5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only,very,same 等前面

    Where do you live?I live on the second floor.
    你住在哪?我住在二層。
    That's the very thing I've been looking for.
    那正是我要找的東西。
    6.與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體;
    They are the teacher of this school.(指全體教師)
    There are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)
    7.表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:
    She hold me by the arm.
    8.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階段、等專
    有名詞前:
    the People's Republic of China   中華人民共和國(guó)
    the United Ststes 美國(guó)
    9.用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前:
    She plays the piano  她會(huì)彈鋼琴。
    10.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:
    the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫婦)
    11.用在表示“度量橫”之類的名詞前:
    Apples are sold by the pound.
    但要注意在time,weight 等名詞前不加the.
    12.用在慣用語中:
    in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening);in the day
    after tomorrow;the next morning;in the sky (water,field,country);in the dark;in the rain;in the distance; in the middle (of);in the end; on the whole; by the way; go to the theatre
    三、零冠詞的用法
    1)國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞;England, Mary;
    2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞;
    They are teachers.他們是教師。
    3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞
    Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母
    4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思
    時(shí),需要加定冠詞:
    Man can't live without water.
    人離開水就沒法生存。
    5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不
    加冠詞:
    We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期
    五都上課。
    6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞:
    The guards took the American to Genral Lee.
    士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。
    7)在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂于東的名詞前,不加冠詞  如:
    have breakfast.play chess
    但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加冠詞。
    如:have a big breakfast
    8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞;
    I can't write without pen or pencil.
    沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。
    9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞
    ;by bus,by train.
    四、有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別
    be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)
    be in the charge of 由...負(fù)責(zé);在...掌管之下
    It is out of question. 那是毫無疑問的
    It id out of the question.那是根本不可能的。
    three of us 我們中的三個(gè)人
    the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人
    take place 發(fā)生
    take the place of 代替
    五、冠詞的位置
    冠詞一般放在名詞之前,名詞之前若有形容詞,冠詞要放在形容
    詞之前。但下列情況例外:
    1.冠詞放在quite,many,such,what 等詞之后。
    quite an interesting story
    2.so/as/too/how+形容詞+a/an +單數(shù)名詞
    It's too diffcult a problem.
    3.rather 可位于冠詞前或后。
    a rather cold day=rather a cold day
    4.half 可位于冠詞之前,也可位于冠詞之后。
    half an hour=a half hour
    5.all,both 放在the之前
    all the books
    過關(guān)落實(shí)
    1.-Could you tell me the way to (B)Johnson's,please?
    -Sorry,we don't have ( ) Johnson here in the village.
    A the; the   B the;a   C 不填;the   D  the 不填
    解析:the Johnsons'指Johnson一家的孩子,診所等;第二空填
    a 為泛指,“一個(gè)叫Johnson的人”。
    答案:B
    2.I want to catch ( D)early train,but couldn't get ( )
    ride to the station.
    A an;the   B /;the    C an;/   D the,get
    解析:the early train,早班車;get a ride to...,搭車去(
    某地)
    答案:D
    3.( C)walk is expected to last all day,so bring ( )packed
    lunch.

    A A;a   B The;不填   C The;a    D A;不填
    解析:the walk 指大家都知道的活動(dòng);a packed lunch ,指(外
    帶)一頓午餐
    答案:C
    4.I like (C )color of your skirt.It is ( )good match for
    your blouse.
    A a;the    B a;a   C the;a   D the;the
    解析:the color of your skirt,特指你的襯衫的顏色;a good
    match for 表示和...很搭配
    答案:C
    5.For him(B )stage is just ( )means of making a living.
    A a;a   B the ;a    C the;the  D a;the
    解析:the stage 意為“舞臺(tái)”,而固定搭配a means of 則為“
    ...的方式:(此處means單復(fù)數(shù)同形)
    答案:B
    6.According to(C) review of 44 studies,American
    reaearcher found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of( )heart disease by 76%.
    A a,the   B the;a   C a ;/  D /;a
    解析:由句意”根據(jù)由44人組成的調(diào)查中...“可知,此處review 
     表泛指;另外疾病錢不加冠詞。
    答案:C
    7.Everywhere man has cut down(C )forests in order to grow
    crops,or to use( )woods as fuel or as building material.
    解析:復(fù)數(shù)名詞forests 表泛指;下句中的wood是forests 中的
    ,故為特指。
    答案:C
    8.-I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over ( )
    keyboard.
    -You shouldn't put drinks near ( )computer.
    A the;不填   B the;a   C a;不填   D a;a
    解析:表特指要加定冠詞;不定冠詞可放在單數(shù)名詞前,泛指一
    類人或物。
    答案:B
    9.This book tells( C)life story of John Smith,who left (
    )school and worked for a newpaper at the age of 16.
    A the,the  B a;the   C the;不填  D a;不填
    解析:life 后又幾次短語作定語特指,故前加the;leave school
    意為“輟學(xué)”.
    答案:C
    10.The party lat night was ( )great succcess.We sang and
    danced until it came to ( )end at 12:00.
    A a;an   B a;the   C the;an   D /;the
    解析:success 指“成功的人(事)”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,前可加不定
    冠詞;come to an end 表示“結(jié)束”。
    答案:A
    數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
    雖然數(shù)詞并不是近幾年的考查重點(diǎn),但我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)還是需要搞
    清楚一下幾個(gè)概念:
    1.數(shù)詞的基本用法及比較
    2.倍數(shù)詞的表達(dá)習(xí)慣
    3.在習(xí)慣用于中數(shù)詞的用法
    數(shù)詞的基本用法
    It is not rare in(D)that people in ( )fifties are going
    to university for futher education.
    A 90s,the    B  the 90s,/  C 90s;their  D the 90s,their
    表示“幾十歲”;用in one's +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù),如:
    He began to work in his teens.
    表示“年代”,用in+the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)
    (C )of the land in that district ( )conered with tress
    and grass.
    A Two fifth,is   B Two fifth,are   C Two fifths,is   D
    Two fifths,are
    分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí),關(guān)鍵是看其后的名詞來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞
    的數(shù)。該題中的是不可數(shù)名詞,所以動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。
    Americans eat(D) vegetables per person taday as they did
    in 1910
    A more than twice    B as twcie as many   C twice as many
    as   D more than twice as many
    倍數(shù)表示法:
    主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+as+adj.(+n.)+as
    I have three times as many as you.
    其他用來表示倍數(shù)的方法:
    1.主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+the size(weight,lenght...)of...
    The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
    地球是月球的49倍。
    2.主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than...
    The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that
    of last year.
    今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。
    3.主+謂+junior(senior)+to
    He is five years senior to his younger brother.

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