課程內(nèi)容
《語法專題-冠詞和數(shù)詞》
冠詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
冠詞雖然只有三個(gè),卻因其在英語語言中使用極頻繁、用法極靈活,命題者常拿其大作文章。冠詞是歷年來的考查重點(diǎn),著重考查以下幾個(gè)方面:
1.不定冠詞的用法比較;
2.定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法;
3.零冠詞的用法;
4.在習(xí)慣用語中冠詞的用法;
一、不定冠詞的用法
1.泛指某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any.
A square has four sides.
2.泛指某人或某事物。
A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
3. 表示一個(gè),相當(dāng)于one.
I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.
4. 表示“每一”。
Take this medicine three times a day.
5.表示“同一”,相當(dāng)于the same.
The two boys are of an age.
6.用在某些抽象名詞前,表示“一種、一類、一份、一場(chǎng)、一陣...”等。
They were caught in a heavy rain.
7.用于專有名詞之前表示某一個(gè)。
A Mr.Li is asking to see you at the schllo gate.
8.用于某些固定詞組中。
s few,a lot of,a bit,have a rest,take a bus,have a good time,live a happy life
注意:不定冠詞的幾種特殊用法。
①專有名詞前用不定冠詞,表示“像....的一個(gè)人或物”。如:a Liu Xiang.
②姓名前用不定冠詞,表示“某個(gè)叫...的人”,多指不認(rèn)識(shí)的人。如:a Miss Smith.
③用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前,表示“一種、一份、一陣”等。如:a tea and a coffee.
④用于某些抽象名詞前,使抽象概念具體化。這種用法的名詞有a surprise/knowledge/success/failure/pleasure/interest/joy等等。
二、定冠詞的用法(下面幾句順口溜可以幫助記憶,特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;世上獨(dú)無二,序數(shù)最高級(jí);普轉(zhuǎn)專有名,習(xí)語及樂器。)
1.特指雙方都明白的人或物。
Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
2.上文提到過的人或事。
He bought a house.I've been to the house.
他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
3.指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物:
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth
4.與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar美元;與形容詞或分次連用,表示一類人;the rich 富人;the living 生者。
5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only,very,same 等前面:
Where do you live?I live on the second floor.
你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for.
那正是我要找的東西。
6.與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體;
They are the teacher of this school.(指全體教師)
There are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)
7.表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:
She hold me by the arm.
8.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階段、等專有名詞前:
the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)
the United Ststes 美國(guó)
9.用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前:
She plays the piano 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。
10.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:
the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫婦)
11.用在表示“度量橫”之類的名詞前:
Apples are sold by the pound.
但要注意在time,weight 等名詞前不加the.
12.用在慣用語中:
in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening);in the day after tomorrow;the next morning;in the sky (water,field,country);in the dark;in the rain;in the distance; in the middle (of);in the end; on the whole; by the way; go to the theatre
三、零冠詞的用法
1)國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞;England, Mary;
2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞;
They are teachers.他們是教師。
3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞
Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母
4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞:
Man can't live without water.
人離開水就沒法生存。
5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞:
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞:
The guards took the American to Genral Lee.
士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。
7)在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂于東的名詞前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast.play chess
但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加冠詞。
如:have a big breakfast
8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞;
I can't write without pen or pencil.
沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。
9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus,by train.
四、有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別
be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)
be in the charge of 由...負(fù)責(zé);在...掌管之下
It is out of question. 那是毫無疑問的
It id out of the question.那是根本不可能的。
three of us 我們中的三個(gè)人
the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人
take place 發(fā)生
take the place of 代替
五、冠詞的位置
冠詞一般放在名詞之前,名詞之前若有形容詞,冠詞要放在形容詞之前。但下列情況例外:
1.冠詞放在quite,many,such,what 等詞之后。
quite an interesting story
2.so/as/too/how+形容詞+a/an +單數(shù)名詞
It's too diffcult a problem.
3.rather 可位于冠詞前或后。
a rather cold day=rather a cold day
4.half 可位于冠詞之前,也可位于冠詞之后。
half an hour=a half hour
5.all,both 放在the之前
all the books
過關(guān)落實(shí)
1.-Could you tell me the way to (B)Johnson's,please?
-Sorry,we don't have ( ) Johnson here in the village.
A the; the B the;a C 不填;the D the 不填
解析:the Johnsons'指Johnson一家的孩子,診所等;第二空填 a 為泛指,“一個(gè)叫Johnson的人”。
答案:B
2.I want to catch ( D)early train,but couldn't get ( )ride to the station.
A an;the B /;the C an;/ D the,get
解析:the early train,早班車;get a ride to...,搭車去(某地)
答案:D
3.( C)walk is expected to last all day,so bring ( )packed lunch.
A A;a B The;不填 C The;a D A;不填
解析:the walk 指大家都知道的活動(dòng);a packed lunch ,指(外帶)一頓午餐
答案:C
4.I like (C )color of your skirt.It is ( )good match for your blouse.
A a;the B a;a C the;a D the;the
解析:the color of your skirt,特指你的襯衫的顏色;a good match for 表示和...很搭配
答案:C
5.For him(B )stage is just ( )means of making a living.
A a;a B the ;a C the;the D a;the
解析:the stage 意為“舞臺(tái)”,而固定搭配a means of 則為“...的方式:(此處means單復(fù)數(shù)同形)
答案:B
6.According to(C) review of 44 studies,American reaearcher found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of( )heart disease by 76%.
A a,the B the;a C a ;/ D /;a
解析:由句意”根據(jù)由44人組成的調(diào)查中...“可知,此處review 表泛指;另外疾病錢不加冠詞。
答案:C
7.Everywhere man has cut down(C )forests in order to grow crops,or to use( )woods as fuel or as building material.
解析:復(fù)數(shù)名詞forests 表泛指;下句中的wood是forests 中的,故為特指。
答案:C
8.-I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over ( )keyboard.
-You shouldn't put drinks near ( )computer.
A the;不填 B the;a C a;不填 D a;a
解析:表特指要加定冠詞;不定冠詞可放在單數(shù)名詞前,泛指一類人或物。
答案:B
9.This book tells( C)life story of John Smith,who left ( )school and worked for a newpaper at the age of 16.
A the,the B a;the C the;不填 D a;不填
解析:life 后又幾次短語作定語特指,故前加the;leave school 意為“輟學(xué)”.
答案:C
10.The party lat night was ( )great succcess.We sang and danced until it came to ( )end at 12:00.
A a;an B a;the C the;an D /;the
解析:success 指“成功的人(事)”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,前可加不定冠詞;come to an end 表示“結(jié)束”。
答案:A
數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
雖然數(shù)詞并不是近幾年的考查重點(diǎn),但我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)還是需要搞清楚一下幾個(gè)概念:
1.數(shù)詞的基本用法及比較
2.倍數(shù)詞的表達(dá)習(xí)慣
3.在習(xí)慣用于中數(shù)詞的用法
數(shù)詞的基本用法
It is not rare in(D)that people in ( )fifties are going to university for futher education.
A 90s,the B the 90s,/ C 90s;their D the 90s,their
表示“幾十歲”;用in one's +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù),如:
He began to work in his teens.
表示“年代”,用in+the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)
(C )of the land in that district ( )conered with tress and grass.
A Two fifth,is B Two fifth,are C Two fifths,is D Two fifths,are
分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí),關(guān)鍵是看其后的名詞來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。該題中的是不可數(shù)名詞,所以動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。
Americans eat(D) vegetables per person taday as they did in 1910
A more than twice B as twcie as many C twice as many as D more than twice as many
倍數(shù)表示法:
主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+as+adj.(+n.)+as
I have three times as many as you.
其他用來表示倍數(shù)的方法:
1.主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+the size(weight,lenght...)of...
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
2.主+謂+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than...
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。
3.主+謂+junior(senior)+to
He is five years senior to his younger brother.