課程內容

《語法專題-非謂語動詞（1）》
動詞-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞）作主語，賓語，表語，定語，賓語補足語和狀語
V-ing做主語
Playing with fire is dangerous.
表示一般或抽象的經(jīng)常性的行為
Be careful!To play with fire will be dangerous.
具體的或一次性的動作
考點：常用it代-ing 作形式主語的句型有：
It+be+ a waste of time doing sth
做...是浪費時間的
It is/was no good/use doing sth
做....是沒好/用處的
It is/was worthwhile doing
做...是值得的
There is no doing
無法....：不允許...
Playing computer games is no good.=It's no good playing computer games.
V-ing 做賓語
1.We should often practise [speaking](speak)English every day.
2.He devoted his life to[studying](study)automic theory.
3.He hopes [to find](find) a job soon.
4.Missing the hus means [waiting](wait) for another two hours.
5.The bike needs repairing/to repaired.
1.只接v-ing 作賓語的常見動詞
avoid,miss;put off,advise,suggest,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,can't,help,admit,deny,envy,eacape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind.
記憶訣竅
避免錯過（少）延期，建議完成多練習；喜歡想象禁不??；承認否認與嫉妒；避免冒險莫原原諒；忍受保持（不）介意
2.只接v-ing作賓語的常見動詞短語
insist on,object to, be good at,lead to,pur off,gove up,feel like,look forward to, devote to,be worth ,get used to,pay attention to
3.既跟動名詞又跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞
(1)forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be uesd to ,can't help后跟動名詞和不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意。
forget,regert,remember后跟動名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
try to=do one's best to do盡力做某事
try doing sth試著做某事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事
go on to do 接著做另一件事
mean doing意味著要做某事
mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下來去做（別的事）
(2)begin,start,continue,like,love,hate等后面接動詞不定式和動名詞，意思沒有多大變化
(3)need/want/require/deserve dooing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.
My hair needs to be cut.
My hair needs cutting.
三、動詞-ing形式作表語
我們最大的幸福是為人民服務
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.(動名詞)
Our task is building our country.(動名詞)
我們昨晚點的電影十分動人。
The film we saw last night is quite moving.(現(xiàn)在分詞）
他的話很鼓舞人。
His words are encouraging.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
怎樣區(qū)分表語是現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞
（1）動名詞作表語和主語時等值關系，兩者有時可以互換，句子意思不變；動名詞后面可以接賓語、狀語。
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語和主語不是對等關系，現(xiàn)在分詞后面不能接賓語，但它前面可以有修飾性的副詞，如very,rather等。
常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：譯作“令人...”
astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。
四、動詞-ing形式作定語
我們可以改進工作方法。
We can improve our working method.
他們將手術臺設在一座廟里。
They set up an operating table in a smal temple.
中國是發(fā)展中國家。
China is a developing country.
正在做實驗的那個學生是我們的班長。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
怎樣區(qū)分定語是現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞
動名詞作定語用來說明該名詞的作用和用途，不表示名詞本身的動作；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主謂關系即現(xiàn)在分詞相當于所修飾名詞的謂語。
五、動詞-ing形式作賓補
動名詞不能作賓語補足語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示的是正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：
我看見他正在上路。
I saw him going upstais.
我們看著她在過大街。
We watched her crossing the street.
我們聽見她在房間里唱歌。
We heard her singing in her room.
提示：接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的常見動詞有：
（一）感官及物動詞
feel,hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,observe,notice,find,smell
（二）使役動詞：
have,keep,leave,get,catch
(六)動詞-ing 形式作狀語
doing sth    與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作（和主句的主語時主動關系，主語時動作的執(zhí)行者）
Following the teacher,the students came into the classroom.
being+done  強調與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作（和主句的主語時被動關系，主語時動作的承受者）
Being followed by the students,the teacher came into the classroom.
having done 先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作
（和主句的主語時主動關系，主語時動作的執(zhí)行者）
Having finished the homework,the students went home.
having been done 先于謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作
（和主句的主語時被動關系，主語是動作的承受者）
Having been separsted from her husband for years,she felt lonely.
1.It took the workmen only two hours to finish (A )my car.
A repairing     B repair    C to repair   D repaired
2.Have you forgotten (A)$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember ( )it tomorrow?
A borrowing;to bring         B to borrow;bring      C borrowed;bringing    D borrowing;bringing
3.The classroom wants(D).
A clean    B cleaned   C to clean   D cleaning
4.Jack said that he wouldn't mind (C) for us.
A to wait   B wait   C waiting  D waited
5.Keep on(D) and you will succeed.
A atry    B try   C trying   D trying
6.His parents insist on (C) to college.
A he should go   B he go    C his going   D him to go
7.The story was so funny that we (C).
A couldn't    B can't but laugh    C couldn't help laughing      D couldn't help but to laugh
8.Though it sounds a bit too dear,it is worth(B).
A being bought    B buying   C to buy   D buying it
9.He devoted his life to ( C)the atomic theory.
A study   B be studied   C studying  D have studied
10.We are both lloking forward to(A) next week.
A going on vocation    B go on vocation     C be going on vocation    D have gone on vocation
動詞ed形式（作表語，定語 賓語補足語和狀語)
一、過去分詞的形式
規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形加ed構成，（played,carried)
不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動詞表
二、過去分詞一般表示完成的被動動作
三、過去分詞的作用：做定語，表語，狀語，補足語
（一）過去分詞作定語：
作定語用的過去分詞相當于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞，及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物代詞的餓過去分詞作定語，只表完成。
1.過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。
eg:a lighted candle  a stolen car
2.過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。
Eg：The party held by their friends was a success.
The party which was held by their friends was a success.
(二)過去分詞作表語
（1）The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作）
(2)The library is now closed.
圖書館關門了。（過去分詞表狀態(tài)）