課程內(nèi)容
《語法專題-定語從句》
定義：
1.定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句
2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞
3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，又叫引導(dǎo)詞。
The girlis my sisiter(先行詞）who（關(guān)系詞） is standing there.（定語從句）
關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as
關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why等
（一）定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇原則：
定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇，首先要看定語從句中所缺少的句子成分，如果缺少主語，賓語，和定語（有時(shí)是表語），要用關(guān)系代詞；缺少狀語要用關(guān)系副詞。在確定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞后，再看先行詞。
1.(1)Pisa is a city (a)has a leaning tower.
(2)Pisa is a city (b)there is a leaning tower.
a. which b.where c.who d.there
2.(1)This is the place (b)we visited last year.
(2)This is the place (c) we worked last year.
a whom b which c where d there
3.(1)1949 is the year (a) the People's Republic of China was ounded.
(2)1949 is the year (c)I'll never forget.
a when b why c that d there
(二）先行詞指待物時(shí)，只用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的幾種情況
1.先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much.something,nothing,anything等。
2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)。
3.先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some 修飾
4.先行詞被the only,the every,thelast 修飾時(shí)。
5.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
6.為避免who...who,which...which 重復(fù)。
1.This is all(A) I know about the matter.
A that B what C which D whether
2.Is there anything else (B)you require?
A which B that C who D what
3.The last place (B)we visited was the Great Wall.
A which B that C where D it
4.He talked happily about the men and books(B) interested him greatly in the school.
A which B that C it D whom
5.There is no dictionary (C) you can find here.
A where B which C that D in that
6.This is one of the best books(A).
A that have ever been written B that has ever been written C which has written D which have written
（三）介詞+關(guān)系代詞 介詞的選擇
在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，判斷介詞的選擇的方法是：
一 看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞（習(xí)慣搭配），
二 通過整個(gè)句子語境來判斷，結(jié)合生活實(shí)際來判斷
1.They held a meeting(at) which the hospital director made a speech.
2.The book(for) which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading.
3.Is this the man (in)whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?
4.The villagers dug lots of tunnels (through)which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.
5.Wu Dong,(with)whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.
6.The stories about Long March (of)which this is one example are well written.
（四）限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句
限定性定語從句是句子不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作賓語時(shí)一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略
非限定性定語從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整，一般用逗號(hào)把主句和分句分開，引導(dǎo)詞who,whom,whose,which,as,when,where等，不用that,無論做什么句子成分不能省略
（五）在非限制性定語從句中as和which的區(qū)別
as,which均可以引出非限制性定語從句，但在句首時(shí)，只用as;在句中時(shí)，指前一句話的內(nèi)容，二者可以互換，但as本身有“正如....，正象....”。一類的含義，與之連用的詞有：
know,see,expect,snnounce,point out 等。此外，在the same...as...,such...as....中，as 引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句.
1.(D)was natural,he married Jenny.
A which B that C this D as
2.Such signs(A) we use in the experiment( )Greek letters.
A as,are B as,is C that,are D that is
3.I passed him a large glass of whishy (C)he drank immediately.
A that B as C which D who
4.She is very good at dance,( D)everybody knows.
A that B which C who D as
5.It was raining,( D) was a pity.
A what B that C the which D which
6.(D)has been said above,grammar is a set of dead rules,
A Which B What C That D As
7.We do the same work(B) they do.
A which B as C than D like
1.whose 的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用of which 代替，但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the + n + of which=of which+ the + n
He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room,the window of which faces south.=He lives in the room,of which the window faces south.
2.定語從句中的主謂一致問題
定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞一致。
He is the(only) one who (finisees)[finish] the job.
Tom is one of the students who (reach)[reach] the top of the mountain first.
3.當(dāng)先行詞是the way時(shí)
其引導(dǎo)詞的選用應(yīng)看其在定語從句中作什么句子成分。如定語從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)選用that,which;如缺少賓語，應(yīng)選用that,which ,也可省去；如缺少狀語，應(yīng)選用that,in which 或省去。
I don't like the way (that,in which)he treats others.
Do you think the way(that,which)he thought of is good?
