課程內容

《英語句子的五種基本句型》
英語句子有長在短，有簡有繁，從現象看，似乎現編萬戶，難以捉摸，但從實質看，可以發(fā)現其內在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。
英語五種基本句型如下：
句型一：主+謂
句型二：主+系+表
句型三：主+謂+賓
句型四：主+謂+間賓+直賓
句型五：主+謂+賓+賓補
句型一：主+謂 結構
該句型的句子有一個共同特點，那就是，句子的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，且動詞本身能表達完整的意思。后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等對該動詞進行修飾。
1.The sun was shining.
2.The moon rose.
3.The two workers had to stay at home/at the factory.
4.We all breathe,eat,mand drink.
句型二：主+系+表 結構
該句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成符合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類詞語叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義，只起連系主語和表的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義，如：stay,prove,remain,stand.
1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
2.The dinner smells good.
3.He fell in love.
4.Everything looks different.
5.He is growing tall and strong.
6.The trouble is that they are short of money.
7.Our well has gone dry.
8.His face turned red.
句型三：主+謂+賓 結構
該句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
1.Who knows the answer?
2.She smiled her thanks.
3.He has refused to help them.
4.He enjoys reading.
5.They ate what was left over.
6.He said"Good morning."
7.I want to have a cup of tea.
8.He admits that he was mistaken.
句型四：主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語 結構
該句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者（稱為直接賓語），另一個是動作的間接承受者（稱為間接賓語）。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接，當動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。
1.She ordered herself a new dress.=She ordered a new dress for herself.
2.She cooked her huaband a delicious meal.=She cooked a delicious meal for husband.
3.He brought you a dictionary.=He brought a dictionary to you.
4.I showed him my pictures.=I showed my pictures to him.
5.I gave my car a wash.
6.I told him that the bus was late.
7.He showed me how to run the machine.
句型五：主+謂+賓+賓補   結構
該句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。
1.They appointed him manager.
2.They painted the door green.
3.This set them thinking.
4.They found the house deserted.
5.What makes him think so?
6.We saw him out.
7.He asked me to come back soon.
8.I saw them geeting on the bus.
五種基本句型的運用
在實際寫作中，常用的英語句子并不能像基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語加以擴大。這些修飾詞可以是單詞，也可以是各種類型的短語。下面以基本句型五為例：
原句為：We found the hall full.我們發(fā)現禮堂坐滿了。
上面的這個句子內容還不夠充實，增加內容后：
1.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我們發(fā)現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師。
2.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽一個重要報告。
3.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a professor from Oxford University on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現大禮堂坐滿了學生和教師，在聽牛津大學的一位教授有關東歐局勢的重要報告。
提高書面表達得分常用的一些重點句型
1.It is/was+表示時間的名詞+when+從句。（該句型不是強調句型，而是以when引導的定語從句。）如：
It was 2012 when he graduated from the University.請比較：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.
2.It is suggested/ordered/commanded/...that+clause.(從句的謂語動詞用should do,但should可以省略，）如：
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建議推遲會議。
3.It is/was said(reported...)+that+從句。如：
It was said that he had read this novel.據說他讀過這篇小說。=He was said to have read this novel.
4.It is impossible/necessary/strange...that clause.(從句中的謂語用should+do/should have done,其形式是虛擬語氣。）
如：
It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他這次考試沒有及格。
5.It is/was +被強調部分+tthat(who)+其他。如：
It wasn't until he came back that I went to bed.直到他回來我才睡覺。（一定要注意被強調句型中的謂語動詞否定的轉移）。
6.It seems that sb. do/be doing/have done/had done=sb.seems to do/be doing/have done/to be done/to have been done
如：It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.他好像以前去過北京。=He seemded to have been to Beijing before.
7.It (so) happened (chanced)that+clause.=sb.happened/chanced to do sth.=sb. did sth. by chance.如：
It happened that he was in when I got there.當我到那兒時，碰巧他在。=He happened to be in when I got there.=It chanced that he was in when I got there=He was in by chance when I got there.
8.It is+一段時間+since+主語+did.請比較：It was+一段時間+since+主語+had done.如：It is ten years since he came here.他來這兒已經十年了。
9.It +謂語+一段時間+before+主語+謂語（before引導的是時間狀語從句。）如：It will be three hours before he comes back.三個小時之后他才能回來。
10.It is+形容詞（possible,impossible,necessary等）+for+sb.+ to do.如：
It is necessary for me to finish this work before tomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作時很有必要的。
11.It is +（心理品質方面的）+形容詞+of+sb. +to do.=主語+be+形容詞+to do.(常用的形容詞有：kind,stupid;foolish,goos,wise等）如：
It is kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.你真好給我提供了幫助。
12.由as 引導的非限定性的定語從句。如：
As we know,he is a most excellent student.眾所周知，他是個很優(yōu)秀的學生。相當于：It is well=known that he is a most excellent student.(前一個是定語從句，而后者是個主語從句。）
13.No matter what/which/who/where/when/whose+從句，+主句（注意從句中的時態(tài)一般情況下用一般現在時態(tài)。）如：
No matter what you do,you must do it well.請比較：Whatever you do,you must do it well.無論你做什么，一定要做好。
14.祈使句，+and/and then+主句。（注意：祈使句也可用一個名詞短語。）如：
Use your head,and you will find a good idea.動腦筋想一想，你就會想出一個好注意。
15.If + necessary/impossible/important 等，+主句。（注意：if與形容詞之前的it is被省略。）如：
If necessary,I will do it.如果有必要的話，我來做此事。
16.主句+due to/because of/owning to/+the fact that+從句。如：
He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.由于生病，所以他沒有來上學。
17.Immediately/Directly/Instantly/As soon as/The moment/The instant/The minute+從句，+主句。如：
The machine will start immediately you press the button.你一按電鈕機器就會開動。
18.No sooner +had+主語+done...than+主語+did。相當于：主語+had+no sooner+done...than+主語+did。如：
No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.
我一到北京就給你打電話了。相當于：I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you.
19.Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+had+主語+done...when/before+主語+did.相當于：主語+had+hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+done...when/before+主語+did.
Hardly had she had supper when she went out.她一吃完晚飯就出去了。相當于：She had hardly has supper when she went out.
20.so+形容詞、副詞+特定動詞（助動詞或系動詞）+主語+...+that+從句
So angry was he that he couldn't speak .
他氣的說不出話來。
21.Such was+主語+that+從句。（這是個完全倒裝句。）如：
Such are the facts,no one can deny them.這就是事實，沒有人能否定他們。
22.主句+only+to do sth.(only和動詞不定式連用表示意想不到的結果）如：
I woke up very early only to find that my wife has gone to work.我醒的很早，結果發(fā)現我的妻子已經上班了。
23.The +形容詞比較級.....，（主句）the +形容詞比較級+...如：
The sooner you do it,the better it will be.
越早越好。
24.主語+謂語+倍數+as+形容詞原級+as+被比較的對象。如：
This room is three times as large as that one.
這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。
25.主語+謂語+百分數、倍數+形容詞比較級+than+比較的對象。如：
This city is twice larger than ours.這個城市比我們城市大兩倍。
26.主語+謂語+the size/length/which/height+of+被比較的對象。如：
Our school is twice the size of yours.我們的學校是你們的兩倍大。
29.Were/Should/Had+主語+謂語，+主句。如：
Should it rain,the crops would be saved.如果下雨，農作物就得救了。
30.Only +狀語+特定動詞+主語+謂語...
Only in this way can I do this work well.
只有這種方式我才能做好這項工作。