課程內(nèi)容
《動(dòng)詞語態(tài)》
考點(diǎn)一:被動(dòng)語態(tài)注意情況
1.主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend) on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book(by my friend) on my birthday.
2.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss).
3.短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of(by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to,be to,be sure to,used to,have to,had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài),只需要將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。
5.當(dāng)句子謂語為say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:
People say he is a smart boy.
=It is said that he is a smart boy.
=He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
=It is known that paper was made in China first.
=Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似巨型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that…
考點(diǎn)二:不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況。
1.所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。
2.表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如:last,hold,benefit,,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,cost,look like,consist to等。
3.表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have,own,belong to等。
4.表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
5.賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。
6.賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞。
7.有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí),常見的動(dòng)詞有sell,write,wash,open,lock等(此句中常會(huì)有一些表示性質(zhì)或動(dòng)作特征的副詞:well,badly,easily,hard,difficultly等)。
考點(diǎn)三:主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
1.當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels won't sell well.這些小說不暢銷。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
The door won't lock,門鎖不上。
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。
2.當(dāng)break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
3.want,require,need,demand,request后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。
4.be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
5.在“be+形容詞+to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
The girl isn't easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
考點(diǎn)四:被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。
1.be seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.
(He seats himself on a bench.)
2.be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.
(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在后門。
3.be lost迷路
4.be drunk喝醉
5.be dressed(in sth)穿著…
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
