課程內(nèi)容
《The Olympic Games (Part 4)》
動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是界定謂語的兩個維度
英語中時態(tài)共有四種體(form):完成體、一般體、進(jìn)行體和完成進(jìn)行體。
時間(time)也有四種:現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來。時態(tài)為二者組合(八種常用)
英語中的兩種語態(tài)為主動和被動:
Everybody respects him.(主語為動作執(zhí)行者)
He is respected by everybody.(主語為動作承受者)
被動結(jié)構(gòu)句子中的主語是主動結(jié)構(gòu)中句子的賓語
那些可用于被動語態(tài)的動詞
1.及物動詞可用于被動語態(tài),因?yàn)榧拔飫釉~有賓語,把賓語變成主語,句子就變成被動結(jié)構(gòu):
Someone broke the window.→The window was broken.
2.不及物動詞若與介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成成語動詞,此時可接賓語,句子也就有被動結(jié)構(gòu):
They have broken into his house.→His house has been broken into.
3.非謂語動詞,由于不是謂語,不能改成被動語態(tài),但可以有被動形式:to be done;being done
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
英語動詞的被動語態(tài)一般由“be的一定形式+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be在人稱和數(shù)上必須同主語一致。
☆被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的,be是什么時態(tài),全句就是什么時態(tài),be后面的過去分詞不變。
被動語態(tài)的形式
一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+過去分詞
一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:am/is/are being+過去分詞
過去進(jìn)行時:was/were being+過去分詞
一般將來時:will be+過去分詞
過去將來時:would be+過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has been+過去分詞
過去完成時:had been+過去分詞
一般將來時被動語態(tài)用法:
一般將來時被動語態(tài)由“shall(will)+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。使用時應(yīng)注意下面句型由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法。
①主語+謂語+賓語,例如:
主動:We'll build a new house next year.
被動:A new house will be built(by us) next year.
②主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(習(xí)慣上把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語)
主動:My mother will give me a shirt.
被動:I will be given a shirt(by my mother).
如果把直接賓語改為主語時,則在間接賓語前加to或for
主動:My mother will give me a shirt.
被動:A new shirt will be given to me(by my mother).
③主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。如果是含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句變成被動句時,將其中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,賓補(bǔ)不變。例如:
主動:We'll ask him to help you tomorrow.
被動:He will be asked to help you(by us).
表示將來時的結(jié)構(gòu):will/shall+do,be+going+to do,be+doing,be+to do,be+about+to do
do→be done
(1).We'll build a new house next year.
A new house will be built (by us) next year.
(2).My mother will give me a present.
I will be given a present(by my mother).
A present will be given to me(by my mother).
(3).The mother is going to tell the baby a story
The baby is going to be told a story(by the mother).
A story is going to be told to the baby(by the mother).
(4).Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.
We are about to be sung a song(by Kelly)at the party.
A song is about to be sung for us(by Kelly)at the party.
(5).The police is going to have the thief stay in prison.
The thief is going to be had to stay in prison(by the police).
重點(diǎn)講解
In a room above the store,where a party was to be held,some workers were busily setting the table.
語境表示工人們在為即將開始的晚會忙碌,忙碌是過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,那么晚會應(yīng)該是即將發(fā)生的事,用過去將來時。如果后面那句是some workers are busily setting the table,那么也可以用will be held.
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白老師
男,中教中級職稱
市優(yōu)秀教師,培養(yǎng)并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生參加全國性比賽并取得優(yōu)異成績。在市級教育教學(xué)研究成果交流中獲一等獎。