課程內(nèi)容

Unit 4《Do it yourself》（2）
Grammar - imperative sentence （祈使句）
Do the action
Guessing Game
Turn left!
Turn right!
Walk on the zebra crossing!
Don't smoke!
No smoking!
Don't play football!
Don't park your car!
Don't eat!
Don't pick the flowers!
Go upstairs!
Go downstairs!
Read and observe(觀察)
Turn left!                     Don't smoke!
Turn right!                    Don't play football!
Please go upstairs!            Don't park your car!
Go downstairs!                 Please don't eat!
Walk on the zebra crossing!    Don't pick the flowers!
Draw the conclusion（得出結(jié)論）
祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
肯定：(Please) + do sth.
否定：(Please) + Don't do sth.
Let's do exercise.
1. Jim, _____ me a hand.
   A. gives   B. is giving   C. will give   D. give
2. _____ careful, Jenny! There is a tree in front of you.
   A. Am   B. /   C. Be   D. Was
3. Let's _____ our time.
   A. not waste   B. no wasting   C. not to waste   D. no waste
4. -- _____ higher, and you will see the house.
   -- OK.
   A. If you stand      B. To stand
   C. When you stand    D. Stand
5. Please _____ do it.
   A. he   B. let him   C. let he   D. him
6. _____ let anyone open the door.
   A. Don't   B. Will   C. Not   D. No
7. -- Don't be late again.
   -- Sorry, _____.
   A. I may   B. I must   C. I will   D. I won't
8. -- Call me when you get home.
   A. I must   B. I can   C. I will   D. I may
祈使句的句型：
肯定  Be quiet.  →  1. 動(dòng)詞+…
      Please have a seat.  →  2. Please+動(dòng)詞…
      David, pay attention.  →  3. 人名+動(dòng)詞…
否定  Don't be afraid.             \
      Please do not make a noise. — 在動(dòng)詞前面加don't否定
      Alan, don't be late.         /
Giving orders/instructions
祈使句：是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等句子，通常說(shuō)話的對(duì)象是第二人稱you，you常被省略。
祈使句常見(jiàn)題型：
1. Let's + (not)動(dòng)詞原形…
   Eg. Let's go home together. / Let's not talk in the class.
2. let's ..., shall we?   \
3. Let sb ..., will you? — 反義疑問(wèn)句
4. 祈使句, will you?      /
祈使句
·祈使句，無(wú)主語(yǔ)，只用動(dòng)詞就可以。
·表示請(qǐng)求或命令，加上please表客氣。
·如果變成否定句，Don't開(kāi)頭是規(guī)律。
·No talking!是警示，祈使句用法要牢記。
Complete the dialogues with Imperatives.
1. -- It's her birthday next week.
   -- Then _________ her about the surprise birthday.
2. -- How can I get to People's Hospital?
   -- _________ along the street and _________ left at the lights.
3. -- We have to finish the work in two hours.
   -- Then let's _________ any time.
4. -- _________ so much noise, please.
   -- Ok.
5. -- _________ out! There's a car coming.
   -- Thanks.
Let's do more exercises.
Choose the correct answer.
1. -- Call me when you get home.
   -- OK, _____.
   A. I must   B. I can   C. I win   D. I may
2. Jim, _____ me a hand.
   A. gives   B. is giving   C. give   D. will give
3. Let me _____ on duty today.
   A. am   B. /   C. be   D. do
4. Let's _____ our time.
   A. not waste      B. no wasting
   C. not to waste   D. no waste
5. -- _____ higher, and you will see the house.
   -- OK.
   A. If you stand      B. To stand
   C. When you stand    D. Stand
6. _____ forget to write to me when you _____ get there next Tuesday.
   A. Don't; will    B. Please; will
   C. Please; /      D. Don't; /
7. Please _____ do it.
   A. he   B. he let   C. let him   D. him
8. _____ come in, please.
   A. Will   B. Do   C. Won't   D. Did
9. _____ careful!
   A. Be do   B. Do be   C. Not   D. Not do
10. _____ let anyone open the door.
   A. Don't   B. Will   C. Not   D. No
11. Let John finish the work all by himself, _____?
   A. shall we   B. will you   C. do you   D. do we
12. -- Let's go home, shall we? -- _____.
   A. That's right        B. That's all
   C. That's all right    D. All right
13. Please turn on the light, _____?
   A. are you   B. shall we   C. shall I   D. will you
14. Don't tell him the fact now, _____?
   A. shall we   B. shall you   C. will you   D. do you
15. Let the children not make so much noise, _____?
   A. shall we   B. will you   C. shall I   D. do you
16. _____ 6 and 4, and you will get ten.
   A. Added   B. Adding   C. To add   D. Add
17. _____ late again, or I'll report it to your father.
   A. Don't be   B. You aren't
   C. Can't be   D. Aren't
18. Don't interrupt her when she is speaking, _____?
   A. won't you    B. will you
   C. shall we     D. shan't we
19. _____ get off the lorry until it stops.
   A. Do   B. Can't   C. /   D. Don't
20. Let's not begin our supper until father comes back, _____?
   A. will you    B. won't you
   C. shall we    D. shan't we
生活中的祈使句
in class
1. Be quiet.           
2. Take notes.     
3. Listen to the teacher carefully.
4. Don't eat in class.
   ...
in the restaurant
1. Line up.
2. Don't push.
3. Don't make noise.
4. Don't waste food.
   ...
on the road
1. Walk on the zebra crossing.
2. Be careful.
3. Don't play football.
4. Don't run fast.
   ...
Summary
祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
肯定：(Please) + do sth.
否定：(Please) + Don't do sth.
DO，可以放在動(dòng)詞前，為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣用。
如：Do come in, please!
    Do listen to me, please!
    Do open the door, please!
should and had better
We use should and had better when giving advice and telling people what we think is the best or right thing to do.
1、had better是固定詞組，意思是“應(yīng)該；最好”，后接不帶to的不定式，其用法相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞had沒(méi)有人稱或數(shù)的變化。had better常用來(lái)提出建議，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，往往含有強(qiáng)迫或命令的口氣，故常用于長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩、上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)或平輩之間。該短語(yǔ)指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，而不是指過(guò)去。
had better的簡(jiǎn)略式為：'d better。如：
(1) You'd better go there by bus.
    你最好是坐公共汽車去那里。
(2) We had better start at once.
    我們最好立刻出發(fā)。
2、had better的否定是had better not；疑問(wèn)式是將had放在主語(yǔ)之前。如：
(1) We'd better not tell him the news.
    我們最好不要告訴他這個(gè)消息。
(2) Hadn't we better go to the station to meet him?
    我們?nèi)ボ囌救ソ铀麄儾皇歉靡稽c(diǎn)嗎？
3、在反意疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)部分一般用“had+主語(yǔ)？”，但有時(shí)也可用“Will you?”，表示一種請(qǐng)求或建議。如：
(1) You'd better not go out today, had you?
    今天你最好不要外出，好嗎？
(2) I must stay at home this afternoon. You had better come to my house, will you?
    我今天下午必須留在家里，你最好來(lái)我家，好嗎？
4、對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩或上級(jí)說(shuō)話時(shí)，應(yīng)避免使用had better。比較禮貌的說(shuō)法是It may/might be better tor you to do sth.。如：
   It might be better for you to take a taxi.
   你最好是乘出租車去。
ATTENTION
had better后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。
這里的had不能用have來(lái)替換。如：
You'd better go to hospital at once.
你最好立即去醫(yī)院看病。
Tom, you'd better go there today.
湯姆，你最好今天去那兒。
主語(yǔ)不論是第幾人稱，句子不論是什么時(shí)態(tài)，都要用had better的形式。如：
Now you(he,we) had better listen to the teacher.
你（他，我們）現(xiàn)在最好聽(tīng)老師講。
We had better be starting back now.
我們最好現(xiàn)在就動(dòng)身回去。
should的用法
1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should常用來(lái)表示勸告、建議或義務(wù)，意思是“應(yīng)該”，可用于各種人稱，其語(yǔ)氣比had better委婉，后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。此外，should還可表示合理的推論，意思是“應(yīng)該；理應(yīng)；一定…吧”。例如：
(1) You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily.
    你不應(yīng)該匆忙作出這樣的決定。
(2) The party should be great fun.
    那個(gè)集會(huì)一定很有意思。
2、“should+have+過(guò)去分詞”常表示如下意思：
（1）表示義務(wù)并指過(guò)去的情況。意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該……（卻沒(méi)有）；要是已經(jīng)……就好了”，即指過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有做，含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如：
   (1) You are right. I should have thought of that.
       你說(shuō)的對(duì)，我應(yīng)該想到這一點(diǎn)。
   (2) They should not have left so soon.
       他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)走得這么早。
（2）表示預(yù)期。意思是“應(yīng)該…了；一定已經(jīng)…了”，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該發(fā)生了，只表示一種合理的推測(cè)或看法，不含責(zé)備的意思。如：
   (1) The train should have already left.
       火車大概已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。
   (2) They should have known the news.
       他們一定知道這個(gè)消息了吧。
3、“shouldn't+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做…”
   I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have left home without a word.
   你本不應(yīng)該一句話不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。
should用于一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將should提至句首。
  Should you do like this?
  你應(yīng)該這么做嗎？
陳述句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含should時(shí)候，反意疑問(wèn)句為：should+主格人稱代詞或shouldn't+主格人稱代詞。
  You should study hard, shouldn't you?
  你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，是嗎？
練習(xí)
1. You'd better _____ late next time.
   A. don't   B. not be   C. not being   D. won't be
2. -- Can I leave this door open at night?
   -- You _____ better not.
   A. should   B. would   C. could   D. had
3. -- Let's go to the cinema, shall we?
   -- _____.
   A. Yes, I shall        B. No, I can't
   C. Yes, thank you      D. No, we'd better not
4. -- You'd better go there with me, hadn't you ?
   -- _____.
   A. Yes, I had to       B. Yes, I had better
   C. No, I hadn't        D. No, I hadn't better
5. -- I'm afraid I've got a bad cold.
   -- _____.
   A. Keep away from         B. Never mind
   C. You need medicine      D. Better go and see a doctor
6. We had better wait for your girlfriend Juliet, _____?
   A. hadn't we   B. don't we   C. didn't we   D. shan't we
7. This ddictionary belongs to Rita. You _____ it home without letting her know.
    A. had better not to take   B. shouldn't have taken
    C. oughtn't take            D. shouldn't be taking
8. -- Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident?
   -- Yes, but I _____ her later.
   A. should have told     B. shouldn't have told
   C. must have told       D. ought not to have told
9. -- I didn't see her yesterday.
   -- Oh, but you _____.
   A. should have      B. should
   C. must have        D. cannot have
10. -- I feel rather tired today.
    -- You _____ to sleep too late last night.
   A. should go      B. couldn't have gone
   C. might go       D. shouldn't have gone
Homework
Practice grammar in you exercise book.